Learning to speak a puppy's language is the first step to a good friendship.
Rescuing a dog can be one of the most rewarding experiences of a lifetime, but it initially comes with some work. While there are plenty of healthy, well-adjusted dogs in shelters given up for reasons such as owner relocation, some can come with their own issues. A new owner might not know about his new pup's past and recognizing behavioral clues can be the first step to a happy relationship.
Illness-Related
Dogs who were not properly cared for as puppies can develop health issues earlier.
While most shelters ensure their animals are free from worms, fleas and other parasites before they're adopted, there's always the chance an unseen illness can slip by undetected. This can result in seemingly hostile behavior on the part of the dog, who is really just trying to communicate pain.
Older or middle-aged dogs can have early stages of arthritis or other progressive conditions that can go undiagnosed. Rough play or even pushing the dog aside with a foot can cause a flare of pain that may make the dog growl or snap. When the undesired behavior is associated with the dog being touched, don't rule out a medical issue that might be alleviated with a trip to the vet.
Food Possessiveness
Food possessiveness can easily escalate if not corrected.
It is not uncommon for a rescued dog to show possessiveness when it comes to food. Dogs who were starved, malnourished or forced to share their food with others can become defensive when it comes to people or animals nearby when they are eating. Some displays are visible, such as growling or snapping. More discreet is the dog that stops eating as someone walks by; when the intruder leaves without addressing the dog, the dog may have a need to protect its food. This can result in the escalation in behavior, making it possible that the dog's possessiveness seems to get worse over time.
Abuse
An abused dog may need years of reassurance to overcome fear.
The behavior of a previously abused dog can manifest itself in different ways. Some dogs will become fearful of people and cower for fear of being hit or kicked. Tender loving care and allowing the dog to feel comfortable on its own time can go far in eliminating this fear, but the dog can continue to be fearful and cautious around strangers. Some dogs will exhibit fear of certain things; if they were continuously hit with a broom, they may be afraid of that item.
The most dangerous behavior associated with an abused animal is aggression. Most rescue organizations evaluate dogs for aggression, but during the period where the dog is adjusting to its new life, caution should always be taken to reassure the dog that it has nothing to fear.
Improper Training
Even adult dogs may need training when it comes to walking on a leash.
Many shelter dogs came from homes where the owners trained them improperly or gave them no training at all. Those previously kept in puppy mills were typically never house trained and may need extra guidance to teach them to go outside to eliminate. Crate training - which is usually an effective method of house training puppies - can be difficult with puppy-mill dogs because they're accustomed to living in soiled conditions.
Other dogs may retain behaviors that they were incorrectly disciplined for. When the dog destroys something during the day and is reprimanded in the evening, there is a gap between the misbehavior and punishment. Some rescue dogs may not have learned what proper chew toys are but can be taught with careful coaching.
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